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◆ SERIES · 6 POSTS

Kubernetes for Frontend Developers

A record of opening up and measuring Kubernetes in a kind cluster, so that frontend developers running SSR do not have to treat it as a black box

README

Once you run SSR, about half of the problems with deployment, traffic, and memory happen outside the application, in Kubernetes. Yet for frontend developers, Kubernetes tends to stay a black box of manifests that someone else wrote and that you copy. This series opens that black box one layer at a time.

Each part does not stop at explaining concepts. The rule was to reproduce and measure everything with a kind cluster and a real Next.js app: tracing the 1.5GB that disappeared in an image layer, following through iptables rules how curl reaches a ClusterIP that exists nowhere, and stacking fixes one layer at a time until the errors leaking during a rolling deploy reach zero.

The first part serves as a concept map for the whole series, so if Kubernetes is new to you, reading in order is recommended. If you are dealing with a specific problem, each part is written to stand on its own.

06 ITEMS

All posts

in order
01

A Kubernetes Concept Map for Frontend Developers: From Pods to Autoscalers

#kubernetes#devops
The Kubernetes vocabulary and structure that frontend developers running SSR actually encounter, organized in the order of real work: the overall cluster structure, what makes up a deploy, pod state and resources, the traffic path, and autoscaling. The first post of the series and the reference map for the rest.
2026-08-05Updated 2026-08-09
22 min · read
02

How My Next.js App Becomes a Pod: A Record of Opening Up Containers and Pods

#kubernetes#docker#devops
The same Next.js app produced one 1.72GB image and one 208MB image. This post traces the missing 1.5GB back through the layers, and verifies with PIDs and cgroup files that a container is an isolated process. The second post of the Kubernetes for frontend developers series.
2026-08-05Updated 2026-08-09
19 min · read
03

How Does Traffic Reach My Pod? From ClusterIP to port-forward

#kubernetes#networking#devops
A Service's ClusterIP is an IP attached to no machine, yet curl reaches it. iptables rules and conntrack, EndpointSlice, cluster DNS and ndots, Gateway, and port-forward: a record of opening up the entire path a request takes to a pod, directly in a kind cluster. Part 3 of the Kubernetes for frontend developers series.
2026-08-0627 min · read
04

How Do Pods Terminate? Measuring the Causes and Fixes of Deploy-Time Errors

#kubernetes#devops#debugging
Even a deploy that changes not a single line of code leaks errors. This is a measured record of tagging every failure that leaks during rolling deploys by type and timestamp, performing an autopsy on four causes, and stacking prescriptions one layer at a time until the count reaches zero. Includes the actual Next.js shutdown code, hostage draining, and the real CrashLoopBackOff timetable. Part 4 of the Kubernetes for frontend developers series.
2026-08-08Updated 2026-08-09
20 min · read
05

Autoscaling Is Automatic but Not Instant: HPA's Timeline, Measured Segment by Segment

#kubernetes#devops#web-performance
Raise traffic 12x and it takes 31.5 seconds for a new pod to receive its first request. I pulled an itemized bill for those 31.5 seconds with a stopwatch: the structure dominated by the detection window, the conditions under which the autoscaler goes blind in the five minutes right after a deploy, the scale-down staircase, why memory-based HPA misfires on Node, and KEDA's preemptive scaling. Part 5 of the Kubernetes for frontend developers series.
2026-08-1025 min · read
06

Why Is Your Node.js Pod That Size? Sizing Measured Firsthand, from NODE_OPTIONS to Pod Count

#memory#nodejs#kubernetes
I added one GC tuning flag to the same workload and peak RSS jumped from 201MB to 593MB, while the live data stayed the same. This post traces back through V8 New Space with direct measurements to show why that result is exactly what should happen, and lays out the three axes frontend developers can use to size a Node.js pod.
2026-08-03Updated 2026-08-09
45 min · read
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